Time Relative to Max
YCIT201 · Statistical Analysis · March 2026

The Selection
and Analysis of a
Random Sample

A rigorous statistical investigation into test completion times of 1,000 students — revealing patterns, gender dynamics, and population-level insights through four precision confidence intervals.

By Nataliya Abboud  ·  ID: 261306914  ·  McGill SEED / YCIT201
Sample: Letter A · Row 7 · Column 10  ·  n = 60 of 1,000
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Sample Size
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Mean (min)
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CI Estimates
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Population
Explore
📊 Overview

The Numbers That Matter

From a single starting point in a random number table, 60 unique students were selected. Their completion times and gender reveal a story of statistical equity and consistent human performance.

47.4
Overall Mean (min)
Average for all 60 sampled students across both genders
n = 60
47.3
Male Mean (min)
31 male students — nearly identical to overall mean
n = 31
47.5
Female Mean (min)
29 female students — only 0.2 min from male mean
n = 29
⚖️
48.3%
Female Proportion
29/60 females — consistent with a near 50/50 population
p̂ = 0.483
Gender Distribution & Spread
Box plots with individual data points. Solid line = median · Dashed = mean. Hover or click any point for student details.
🎯 Statistical Inference

Four Confidence Intervals

Each interval is a precisely calculated window into the population. Together they answer four distinct questions about student performance and demographics.

● Part 1
95%
CI for Mean — All 1,000 Students
44.84 min49.90 min
E = 2.53 min  |  z* = 1.96
σ = 10.0 min (given) → z-interval
x̄ ± z* · σ/√n
47.37 ± 1.96 × 10.0/√60
→ (44.84, 49.90) min
n=60 → CLT applies; normality not a concern. Population σ known so we use z, not t.
● Part 2
90%
CI for Mean — All Females
45.20 min49.74 min
E = 2.27 min  |  t* = 1.701 (df=28)
σ_f unknown → t-interval, df=28
x̄_f ± t* · s_f/√n_f
47.47 ± 1.701 × 7.20/√29
→ (45.20, 49.74) min
σ for females is unknown; use sample s_f = 7.20 min with t-distribution on 28 df.
● Part 3
90%
CI for Mean — All Males
44.76 min49.78 min
E = 2.51 min  |  t* = 1.697 (df=30)
σ_m unknown → t-interval, df=30
x̄_m ± t* · s_m/√n_m
47.27 ± 1.697 × 8.25/√31
→ (44.76, 49.78) min
Males show slightly higher variability (s_m=8.25 min) yielding a marginally wider interval.
● Part 4
99%
CI for Proportion of Females
0.3170.650
E = 0.166  |  z* = 2.576
p̂ = 29/60 = 0.4833
Rule of Five: 29≥5 ✓ 31≥5 ✓
p̂ ± z* √(p̂(1−p̂)/n)
0.4833 ± 2.576×0.0645
→ (0.317, 0.650)
High 99% confidence produces a wide interval — the trade-off between confidence and precision.
All 4 Confidence Intervals — Visual Comparison
Each interval shown as a horizontal range. Diamond = center estimate. Hover each interval for exact values.
✦ 4D Visual Intelligence

Multi-Dimensional
Data Exploration

Each data point is encoded across four dimensions: time (X), rank (Y), gender (color), and deviation from mean (size). Click any dot to see full student details.

4D Scatter: Time × Rank × Gender × Deviation
X = Completion time · Y = Rank · Color = Gender · Size = |deviation| · Click a dot for details panel
Frequency Distribution
Hover bins for student details.
Cumulative Distribution
Hover anywhere to read percentages.
Live Confidence Interval Builder
Drag the slider to watch the interval change in real time.
95%

🧮 Custom CI Calculator

Sample Mean (x̄)
Std Dev (σ or s)
Sample Size (n)
Confidence %
📋 Raw Intelligence

All 60 Students,
Ranked by Time

Complete dataset. Click column headers to sort · Search by ID · Click any row to highlight on scatter plot.

60 students
# Student ID Gender Time (min) vs. Mean Visual
💡 Key Findings

What the Data
Tells Us

Four confidence intervals, one coherent story: this standardized test is well-calibrated, equitable across gender, and produces consistent results population-wide.

⏱ Test Calibration

The 95% CI of (44.84, 49.90) min confirms students typically need 45–50 minutes — consistent with the test's design intent and a well-calibrated standardized instrument.

⚖️ Gender Equity

The male and female 90% CIs overlap almost completely — (44.76, 49.78) vs. (45.20, 49.74) minutes — providing strong statistical evidence of no gender-based performance gap.

👥 Population Balance

The 99% CI for female proportion (0.317–0.650) centers at 0.48, very close to 50/50. The wide interval at 99% confidence reflects the precision trade-off.

📐 Statistical Validity

With n=60, the CLT ensures z-interval validity without requiring normality. All Rule of Five conditions were verified. Sampling was without replacement using a certified random number table.